It is time to discover all the secrets of the single-phase inverter. Today, you will know the importance and how widespread photovoltaic solar energy is in the world.
It doesn’t matter if you are an expert on the subject. This is an entry that you should take a look at. As an introduction, I will see the differences between single-phase and three-phase inverters, their advantages, and how they work, among many other things. The solar energy era has arrived. Are you going to be the last to know about all the news?
What is a single-phase inverter?
A single-phase inverter transforms solar energy from solar panels into current electricity for consumption in a single phase. Everything comes out through any outlet in our home or company. In this process, the type of current is changed. We go from direct current (sunlight) to alternating current (final).
The main characteristic of the single-phase inverter is the final mode in which the energy we convert from the solar panels travels. This journey begins in a single direction and ends with the same intensity for each installed appliance or available plug.
In other words, it is as if there were a single circuit (hence “mono”) through which the energy circulates that feeds all the electrical devices that need energy.
What is the scheme of a single-phase inverter, and how does it work?
If this first explanation stunned you, don’t worry; it’s understandable. Unlike the three-phase inverter, the single-phase one has a more straightforward operation. So that you better understand how it works, I show you a diagram with all the processes:
The single-phase inverter receives electricity from the solar panels and distributes it in alternating current throughout the home with the same intensity for all floors. This way, we will have the same current intensity in each plug.
What are the advantages of a single-phase inverter?
Unlike the three-phase inverter, the single-phase inverter has a series of characteristics and advantages that make it unique. First, you need to know the type of installation in your home or company. Then, you can enjoy its operation. Let’s look at some of its advantages:
1. Generalization: Most homes with solar panels have a single-phase inverter, which is why they are more common.
2. Price: Generally, single-phase inverters are cheaper than three-phase ones. Which are somewhat more complex to implement, and their powers are higher.
3. Efficient: Although the energy output power cannot exceed the input power, very little energy escapes in the process, making them very efficient.
4. Essentials: A single-phase inverter is essential in a photovoltaic installation. Without it, the energy from the panels could not be brought to the home.
What is the difference between a single-phase and three-phase inverter?
The lack of knowledge of many users regarding the type of electrical installation they have in their homes or businesses causes completely avoidable mistakes. So that you do not purchase a single-phase or three-phase inverter by mistake, below we explain the most notable differences between both systems:
1. Supported power: Generally, the power in a single-phase inverter is always lower than in a three-phase one. The former comprises powers of between 2-10kW. On the other hand, three-phase inverters can easily exceed 10kW.
2. Price: As I said in the previous question, a single-phase inverter is usually cheaper than a three-phase one. The price increase is due to the power since the higher it is, the higher its purchase price.
3. Technology and brands: Single-phase and three-phase inverters do not significantly differ in this aspect. The functionalities will vary depending on the brand and its price. However, within the same brand, there are usually no significant differences.
4. Type of customers: Homes, small businesses, or single-family homes are more likely to use single-phase inverters. On the other hand, large companies and industries are more likely to purchase three-phase inverters.
Is there a single-phase to three-phase converter?
Converting the current from a single phase to a three-phase is possible with a converter/transformer. This automatically converts a voltage of 230V to 400V, for example, to power large electrical appliances with high voltages like refrigerators. These changes are dangerous, so we recommend you consult a specialist if you are unfamiliar with the subject.
Single-phase to three-phase converters are easy to acquire. You can find them in physical stores or online, such as Amazon. Its price will vary depending on the voltage that is adapted and the power that the converter has. However, the price of an average 2.2kWp transformer (widely used) is usually around 10k to 12k PHP
How can you make a homemade single-phase inverter?
For those who want to learn about electronics, you should know that making a homemade single-phase inverter is possible. Next, I will tell you the main elements to assemble a system of this type and the functions you must perform. Here we go:
1. Battery: The direct current power source must be transformed to adapt it to our object X.
2. Transistor: Control the electric current circulating inside the transformer.
3. Resistance: This will limit the electric current passing through the electrical circuit.
4. Transformer: It will be the operations center, where the transistor and resistors will be located. This is where the current change occurs, from 120V to 220V.
5. Wiring: We must connect the positive and negative poles to the part where the resistor and the transistor are located. And on the other hand, the positive and negative cables of the object we want to power.
Conclusions
This solar inverter converts the panels’ energy into 100% consumable energy. The particularity and main difference with the three-phase ones is that this conversion is done in a single phase.
The single-phase inverter is a very versatile element. That is, it lets itself be managed. As we have mentioned, it is possible to change the single-phase current to three-phase through a converter, and I have reviewed the different elements you need to make an inverter at home.
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If you are interested in leaping solar self-consumption, you should know a crucial element, such as the single-phase inverter, especially if you are an individual.